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where U-shaped SRRs are fabricated on polyimide substrate to form toroidal dipole metamaterials applicable in terahertz devices 15. The effect of electromagnetic coupling has been investigated by Wang et al. The SRR functions as a mode damper in the accelerating system that can be an alternative to other devices for impedance mitigation. On the other hand, an SRR based metamaterial has been employed in 14 that has the potentiality to reduce the impedance of beam coupling in an accelerator.
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With its 10 × 10 mm 2 physical dimension, some unique features can be expressed as it offers a near-zero refractive index in the band of frequencies. that shows multiband resonances within 2–5 GHz 13. A greek key-shaped resonator-based multiband metamaterial has been presented by Zarghooni et al. The mechanism for sensing is followed by etching trenches into the split gap, and thus sensitivity is observed by shifting the resonance frequency 12. that is operable in THz frequency range and can be used to sensing dielectric. In the recent works, a split-ring resonator (SRR) based material is introduced by Meng et al. The applications are also extended in large fields such as acoustic, optics, microwave, mechanical, electronics, chemical, biological 8, 9, 10, 11. These characteristics find their applications in many areas, such as enhancing the performance of antenna 1, reduction of specific absorption rate(SAR) 2, filter design 3, absorber 4, sensing and detection 5, energy harvesting 6, super lensing 7 and so on. The effective macroscopic properties are achieved by inclusion or adding in homogeneities named “meta-atoms.” The properties include artificial plasmas, double negative, permeability negative, negative index media, to name a few. Metamaterial, as an artificial media, shows some exotic properties acquired from geometry rather than composition. Due to its simple design, compact dimension with high EMR, ENG property with near-zero permeability, this multiband NZI metamaterial can be used for microwave applications, especially for multiband antenna gain enhancement. The application of an array of the unit cells is investigated using it as a superstrate of an antenna that provides a 73% (average) increase of antenna gain. Noteworthy to mention that with the copper backplane, the same unit cell provides multiband absorption properties with four major absorption peaks of 99.6%, 95.7%, 99.9%, 92.7% with quality factors(Q-factor) of 28.4, 34.4, 23, and 32 at 3.98, 5.5, 11.73 and 13.47 GHz, respectively which can be applied for sensing and detecting purposes.
2.4 ghz metamaterial cst microwave studio software#
The equivalent circuit modeling has been accomplished using Advanced Design Software (ADS) that shows a similar S 21 response compared to CST simulation. The performance of the array of the unit cells is also investigated in both simulation and measurement. The simulated result is validated by experiment with good agreement between them. The MTM unit cell exhibits six resonances of transmission coefficient (S 21) at 2.38, 4.24, 5.98, 9.55, 12.1, and 14.34 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands with epsilon negative (ENG), near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index (NZI). Numerical simulation software CST microwave studio is used for the simulation and performance analysis of the proposed unit cell. The resonance frequency is tuned by adding inductive metal strips in parallel two vertical splits of the outer ring that causes a significant shift of resonances towards the lower frequencies and a highly effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.75.
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The resonator part is a combination of three squared copper rings and one circular ring in which all the square rings are modified shaped, and the inner two rings are interconnected. The MTM is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and an electrical dimension of 0.063λ × 0.063λ where wavelength, λ is calculated at 2.38 GHz. An inductively tuned modified split-ring resonator-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this article that provides multiple resonances covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands.